Distributed Control Systems...

A catalyst enhances the rate of a reaction. In other words, they allow a higher fraction of molecules to reach the minimum energy required for the reaction; hence, leading to the formation of more products. Catalysts are involved in the rea...

Fluidized bed reactors (FBR) are catalytic reactors in which the catalyst is fluidized within the reactor....

Absorbers bring gas and liquid phases in contact, so that contaminants in the gas phase absorb into the liquid phase as a result of their interaction....

Distillation columns are one of the most often used types of separation equipment in industry....

Liquid-liquid extraction has only become popular as a separations technique in the past thirty years. In this time, liquid-liquid extractors have become the separation equipment of choice for selected processes....

Electrostatic precipitators are used to separate small particles, 1 micron or smaller, from gas streams. This process is also used in desalters to separate salts and sediment from crude oil feeds....

pH meters and controllers are used to measure and monitor the pH level of a substance....

Chromatography columns are used to separate mixtures. In any chromatography technique, there is a stationary phase that is usually solid or liquid and a mobile phase usually liquid or gas, that moves through it....