Pharmaceutical processes start with the production of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). This consists of: feed handling, reactions, recovery, and drying. After these steps, a pure API is ready to be used in pharmaceutical products...
Pharmaceutical capsules are an alternative to tablets when compressed solids cannot be formed. Capsules use a gelatin barrier to deliver the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and additional inactive ingredients to the body. The barrier...
Injectables are sterile liquid drug products that are injected into the bloodstream. A high-level overview of the processes to develop the three types of injectables (solutions, suspensions, and emulsions) is described below. The active pha...
Semi-solid pharmaceuticals can be divided into creams, gels, and ointments. The manufacturing process for these semi-solids are very similar, therefore this section will cover semi-solids as a whole and mention details about each subgroup a...
Pharmaceutical sprays are medicines that are administered orally or nasally through respiration. In sprays a liquid or solid formulation is converted into a dynamic mixture dispersed in gas through atomization. An atomized spray, shown belo...
The overall processes to develop the three types of syrups, namely solutions, suspensions, and emulsions, are quite similar, so the general process will be described below and differences pointed out as needed. In all cases, the Active Phar...
Tablets are pharmaceutical products made from compressed solids. Tablets are delivered to the body through ingestion. In pharmaceutical tablet production, the API is granulated into fine particles that are compressed into the basic tablet s...
All pharmaceutical products must undergo quality control (QC) to ensure that the delivered product is up to the required specifications. This is very important for the pharmaceutical industry as minute deviations from a product specificatio...
